Antik Avrupa 3.Cilt MÖ 80000-MS1000

Ancient Europe Volume 3 80000 BC-AD1000 Book Description Our definition of “Barbarian Europe” dates back to B.C. It covers nine thousand years between 8000 BC and 1000 AD. These start and end dates are not random, but consciously decided preferences. While Europe's liberation from glaciers and the formation of modern climatic conditions were taken as the starting date, the spread of Christianity throughout Northern and Eastern Europe and the establishment of many European states that continue to exist today were chosen as the ending date. During these nine thousand years, European societies and communities have undergone extremely striking transformations. In this work, we have examined a wide geographical area from the Atlantic to the Ural Mountains, from the Northern Cape to the Mediterranean islands. Moreover, since some developments in Europe, such as the spread of agriculture, took their origin from the Near East, we also included certain parts of the Anatolian geography, known today as Turkey. Additionally, around AD 1000, the Vikings moved beyond Europe and expanded their borders to Greenland and North America, while a few centuries before that, the Vandals migrated along the northern coast of Africa. In summary, Europe is in contact with several prehistoric continents. Moreover, it is necessary to know that the archaeological record of Europe extends well back ten thousand years ago. The first hominid species were first seen approximately 1.7 million years ago, in the Dmanisi region of Georgia, in the immediate vicinity of Europe. (From the Promotional Bulletin)