Coffee

“The world of coffee is changing. Since the late eighteenth century, the dominant trend in the global coffee trade has been the movement of beans from South to North. Drawn from the depths of a long, violent history of slavery and colonialism, the beans were grown in poorer Southern countries (mostly former colonies), shipped from there, and consumed in rich Northern countries (mostly current and former imperialist powers). Coffee bean production has maintained its predominance in the South due to the climatic requirements of coffee beans that have to be grown in tropical regions. However, some of the sides of the game have changed. For example, Vietnam has gone from being an obscure coffee exporter to one of the largest in the world in just a few decades. Today, Vietnam's coffee exports rank second in volume, behind Brazil and ahead of Colombia - both traditional leaders in the coffee world.

Fundamental changes are equally noticeable in the realm of consumption in non-Western countries, especially those at the upper-middle income level, where the “rise of the South” and South-South oriented trade have fueled a steady rise in imports. Calculations predict that coffee consumption in developing countries will constitute 50 percent of global consumption in 2020. Türkiye has become a key player in these changing consumption patterns.

In 2013, Türkiye ranked 30th among coffee bean importers in the world. This positions Turkey behind a small group of non-Western countries (South Korea, Algeria, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, China and Egypt) and above many wealthy countries (including Norway, Slovakia, Israel and Hungary). However, perhaps the most noticeable change occurred in growth rates. Between 1990 and 2013, Turkey's coffee imports increased from 140,000 60-kilo bags to 842,000 60-kilo bags—an increase of 500 percent. This rate is many times higher than the growth in many well-established coffee markets; Coffee imports increased by 55 percent in Germany and 29 percent in the United States during the same period, and remained almost unchanged in Denmark and Sweden.3 Judging by current growth rates, Turkey will overtake many traditional coffee importing countries and become a dominant consumer country in the next 5-10 years. will rise to the position.

Of course, coffee has a long history in Turkey, throughout the Middle East and North Africa. As can be predicted, this history has not been given the weight it deserves in the West. As a matter of fact, the famous coffee historian Steven Topik observed that coffee's becoming a globally traded commodity was not the result of the colonial expansion of the West, but was born out of a three-hundred-year-old international coffee trade dominated by Indian and Arab traders.

These traders brought coffee beans from Ethiopia and Yemen to sell in Central Asia and North Africa. It would be until the end of the eighteenth century that Europeans gradually began to dominate the global coffee trade, leading to a steadily increasing consumption of coffee in the West in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. However, from the fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries, Yemenis, not Europeans, were the leaders in coffee production, and this is where the Turkish folk song "Coffee Comes from Yemen" derives its origins.

(From the Promotional Bulletin)

Dough Type: 2nd Dough

Size: 13.5 x 21

First Printing Year: 2017

Number of Printings: 1st Edition

Number of Pages: 200

Media Type: Paperback