Batı'ya Yön Veren Metinler 3

Texts That Shaped the West 3 Book Description European civilization went through a deep and complex crisis in the first quarter of the eighteenth century and the beginning of the nineteenth century, when the Ottoman Empire was in the throes of decline. The roots of this crisis, which is customary to be called "The French Revolution and the Age of Napoleon", date back to the English political revolutions of the seventeenth century and are nourished by the social structure, political conditions and numerous current debates of eighteenth-century Europe. The selections in the third volume of Texts That Directed the West were published in 1789. They argue that the French Revolution was encouraged by the revolts of the British colonies in North America in 1775. In this context, the era that resulted in the French Revolution is called the "Age of Democratic Revolution". Although there are those who argue that the nationalism that accompanied the wave of revolution "shattered the fabric of human society, diverted true religion from its path, and mocked all the civilized rules of international morality", the general acceptance is that The crisis that accelerated the eighteenth-century Enlightenment did not mean a catastrophic break with the past. The Enlightenment, which evolved from the Renaissance and the scientific revolution, which was the logical outcome of the Renaissance, is seen as a period in which the majority of intellectuals "realized that they were complaining about ways of thinking focused on religion and theology." "What is discussed in the salons, lodges and coffeehouses of eighteenth-century Paris and the French provinces are topics such as machines and social engineering, natural laws and education. It is certain that not everything happens as the philosophers wanted. While those who defended the old beliefs were fighting tough rearguard battles, the Romantics, albeit limited, were against the Enlightenment. Despite these, philosophers represent the future, and it is thanks to them that the West definitively enters the Age of Science. These people, such as Voltaire, Diderot, the Encyclopedists and Baron d'Holbach, constitute a new kind of intellectual class. He was neither an academician, nor an expert, nor a courtier, nor a "master". He was certainly not an ivory tower type, but an literati, a dehumanizer who chose to directly announce his calls against the established world of the Church and the university to the public that was just beginning to wake up. and they were propagandists... Moreover, they did not have a narrow class consciousness in the Marxist sense. However, in their attacks on the old regime, they did not refrain from supporting the 'willing to be something' classes that opened up to the world in the last century. We hope the reader will enjoy what is heard from centuries ago. (From the Promotional Bulletin)