Byzantine World 2-Byzantine Empire 641-1204

Byzantine World 2-Byzantine Empire 641-1204 Book Description VII-XIII. This work, which examines centuries, is the teamwork of many experts from different disciplines. In the Middle Ages, the huge Byzantine Empire, which brought together many ethnic groups, almost came to the point of extinction under Slavic and especially Arab Muslim attacks, and while it continued to embrace Armenians and Slavs, it was essentially closed on a predominantly Greek population. The Byzantine rulers achieved an incredible comeback from this situation, keeping Byzantium in the X-XI centuries. They managed to become the greatest Christian power of the centuries. However, a new rival from the Eastern steppes, the Turks, appeared on the horizon, and the Empire began to lose blood constantly. The adaptability of the empire belies the image of a conservative and dull Byzantium. The Byzantines even disguised their innovations as a return to old traditions. Institutions, hierarchies, armies have been changed multiple times to both confront new enemies and continue expansion. Even the emperor's rule evolved into a more familial system, and the dynasty reached its most perfect image during the rule of the Komnenos. The empire found its identity in Orthodox Christianity. The rejection of iconoclasm became the muse of a special kind of religious art, which found itself in the glorification of images. The Byzantine Church separated from the Roman Church, but continued to expand its sphere of influence towards the Bulgarian and Russian sister Churches. During this period, Byzantine culture again adopted Pagan Hellenic letters and believed in its own superiority. The military and economic power of the Latins resulted in the capture of Constantinople in 1204, pushing the Byzantines to cover up their identities and creating the conditions that led to the establishment of the "Nation-state" that would take place in the next period. (From the Promotional Bulletin)